Introduction Advanced melanoma remains a highly aggressive malignancy in which immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed patient outcomes, yet resistance and heterogeneous treatment responses persist. Many clinical assays rely either on tumour informed strategies requiring...
Introduction Dai et al (2025) deployed a multi-faceted approach to investigate the mechanisms controlling Latent Endometrial Tuberculosis (LETB). LETB damages endometrial structure and function, undermining implantation and increasing infertility risk. LETB can be asymptomatic and...
Introduction Crohn’s disease (CD) is characterised by relapsing inflammation that recurs in the same regional locations within the intestine. This suggests that permanent or long-lasting, molecular changes are occurring at the cellular level. Epigenetic modifications...
Introduction TIFA was first identified more than 20 years ago as a binding protein for TRAF2/6, playing a role in pro-inflammatory signalling pathways. More recently, it has been shown to be essential for signalling by...
Introduction Breast cancer survival rates have improved over the decades, but one-third of diagnoses still result in death. Therefore, identifying novel molecular targets is crucial. Hypoxia, common in breast tumors, is linked to tumor progression,...
Introduction Male-pattern hair loss (MPHL), also known as androgenic alopecia (AGA), is a progressive condition caused by circulating androgens, oxidative stress, the scalp microbiome and genetic factors. The only effective treatments available for MPHL are...
Introduction Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic condition characterised by intestinal inflammation that progressively leads to bowel destruction involving fistulas and stricturing fibrosis, along with other extra-intestinal complications. Disease triggers are likely to be multifactorial,...
Introduction Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a genetic condition that affects areas of the scalp. Also known as pattern hair loss, males present with thinning hair in temporal areas that proceeds to the crown (male pattern...
Introduction The cytochrome P450 superfamily are the largest family of enzymes involved in drug metabolism. The genes are highly polymorphic and contribute to the variability between individuals in drug response and adverse drug reactions. CYP2C9...
Introduction Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a rare disease in which malignant cells are present while the originating organ remains unknown. This makes it difficult to treat, as selecting an appropriate therapy is problematic...
